Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device is provided. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including: an emission layer; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, 50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode being silver (Ag), the hole transport region including an amine-based polymer including a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1, and a number average molecular weight of the amine-based polymer being about 1,000 or more.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2017-0103721, filed on Aug. 16, 2017, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices, have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, as well asexcellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, andresponse speed, and produce full-color images.

An example of such organic light-emitting devices may include a firstelectrode disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, anemission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode,which are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes providedfrom the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through thehole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrodemay move toward the emission layer through the electron transportregion. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine in the emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited stateto a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure provide an organiclight-emitting device having high efficiency. However, this is merely anexample, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows and, in part, will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

An aspect of an embodiment provides an organic light-emitting deviceincluding: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layerbetween the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein theorganic layer includes: an emission layer; a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,wherein 50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode is silver(Ag), the hole transport region includes an amine-based polymerincluding a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1, and a numberaverage molecular weight of the amine-based polymer is about 1,000 ormore:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, an absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-basedpolymer in a visible light region may satisfy Equation 1 below:

0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1

In one embodiment, an absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-basedpolymer in a visible light region may satisfy Equation 2 below:

0≤k<0.015.  Equation 2

In one embodiment, the first electrode may be a reflective electrode.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides an organic light-emittingdevice including: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organiclayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein theorganic layer includes: an emission layer; a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,wherein 50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode is silver(Ag), the hole transport region includes an amine-based polymer, and anabsorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer in a visible lightregion satisfies Equation 1 below:

0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1

In one embodiment, the amine-based polymer may include a first repeatingunit represented by Formula 1, and a number average molecular weight ofthe amine-based polymer may be about 1,000 or more:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides an organic light-emittingdevice including: a substrate divided into a first sub-pixel region, asecond sub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixel region; a plurality offirst electrodes respectively arranged in the first sub-pixel region,the second sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixel region of thesubstrate; a second electrode facing the plurality of first electrodes;an organic layer between the plurality of first electrodes and thesecond electrode, wherein the organic layer includes: a first emissionlayer, a second emission layer, and a third emission layer respectivelyarranged in the first sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, andthe third sub-pixel region of the substrate; a hole transport regionbetween the plurality of first electrodes and the first to thirdemission layers; and an electron transport region between the first tothird emission layers and the second electrode, wherein 50% or more of atotal volume of the second electrode is silver (Ag), the hole transportregion includes an amine-based polymer including a first repeating unitrepresented by Formula 1, and a number average molecular weight of theamine-based is about 1,000 or more:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, an absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-basedpolymer in a visible light region may satisfy Equation 1 below:

0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects of embodiments will become apparent and morereadily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described more fully with referenceto exemplary embodiments. The disclosure may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as being limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the concept of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.Features of embodiments of the present disclosure, and how to achievethem, will become apparent by reference to the embodiment that will bedescribed herein below in more detail, together with the accompanyingdrawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many differentforms and should not be limited to the exemplary embodiments.

Hereinafter, embodiments are described in more detail by referring tothe attached drawings, and in the drawings, like reference numeralsdenote like elements, and a redundant explanation thereof will not beprovided herein.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise.

It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or“comprising” used herein specify the presence of stated features orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features or components.

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component isreferred to as being “on” or “onto” another layer, region, or component,it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, orcomponent. For example, intervening layers, regions, or components maybe present.

Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenienceof explanation. In other words, since sizes and thicknesses ofcomponents in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenienceof explanation, the following embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto.

An organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment may include:a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layer between thefirst electrode and the second electrode and including an emissionlayer, wherein the organic layer may include: a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode may be silver(Ag), the hole transport region may include an amine-based polymerincluding a repeating unit represented by Formula 1, and a numberaverage molecular weight of the amine-based polymer may be about 1,000or more:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

An absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer in a visiblelight region may satisfy Equation 1 below:

0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1

When the amine-based polymer satisfies Equation 1, the absorptioncoefficient was low, and thus, the efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device may be improved.

For example, the absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymerin the visible light region may satisfy Equation 2, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto:

0≤k<0.015.  Equation 2

In one embodiment, the hole transport region may include at least one ofa hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, and at least one ofthe hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may include theamine-based polymer.

In one embodiment, the hole transport region may include a holeinjection layer and a hole transport layer, and the hole injection layerand the hole transport layer may include the amine-based polymer. Atthis time, the amine-based polymer included in the hole injection layermay be different from the amine-based polymer included in the holetransport layer.

For example, in Formula 1, L₁₁ and L₁₂ may each independently beselected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, abenzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a pyridinylene group,a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, abenzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a pyridinylene group,a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 1, n11 and n12 may each independently be 0, 1,or 2, wherein the sum of n11 and n12 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 1, R₁₁ may be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a crosslinking group,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the crosslinking group may be represented by one selectedfrom Formulae 7-1 to 7-3, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto:

In Formulae 7-1 to 7-3,

R₇₁ may be selected from hydrogen and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

b71 may be 1, 2, or 3; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, the first repeating unit represented by Formula 1 may berepresented by Formula 1-1, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In Formula 1-1,

R₁₁ may be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a crosslinking group,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

R₁₂ and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenylgroup substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

b12 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

n11 and n12 may each be 0, 1, or 2,

the sum of n11 and n12 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, the first repeating unit represented by Formula 1 maybe represented by Formulae 101 to 105, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 101 to 105,

n-octyl indicates an n-octyl group,

isobutyl indicates an isobutyl group,

n-butyl indicates an n-butyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, the amine-based polymer may further include arepeating unit represented by Formula 2:

In Formula 2,

Ar₂₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclicgroup,

L₂₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n21 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

R₂₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, in Formula 2, Ar₂₁ may be selected form:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a benzofluorenegroup, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a thiophene group,a furan group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, acarbazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group,and a dibenzocarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a benzofluorenegroup, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a thiophene group,a furan group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, acarbazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group,and a dibenzocarbazole group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 2, L₂₁ may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, abenzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a pyridinylene group,a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, abenzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a pyridinylene group,a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 2, n21 may be 0 or 1, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 2, R₂₁ may be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a crosslinking group,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The crosslinking group is the same as described above.

For example, the repeating unit represented by Formula 2 may berepresented by Formula 2-1, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In Formula 2-1,

R₂₂ and R₂₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenylgroup substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

b22 may be 1, 2, or 3,

R₂₄ and R₂₅ may each independently be selected from a crosslinking grouprepresented by one selected from Formulae 7-1 to 7-3, hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂);

wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-3,

R₇₁ may be selected from hydrogen and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group; and

b71 may be 1, 2, or 3,

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate binding sites to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, the repeating unit represented by Formula 2 may berepresented by Formulae 201 to 203, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 201 to 203,

n-octyl indicates an n-octyl group,

n-hexyl indicates an n-hexyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, a number average molecular weight of the amine-basedpolymer may be about 100,000 or less, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the number average molecular weight of theamine-based may be in a range of about 20,000 to about 50,000, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the amine-based polymer may be selected fromPolymers 1 to 3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

TABLE 1 Number Repeating unit average ratio molecular Repeating unit(molar ratio) weight Polymer 1

  Repeating unit 1-1

  Repeating unit 1-2 70:30 20,000 Polymer 2

  Repeating unit 2-1

  Repeating unit 2-2 80:20 50,000 Polymer 3

  Repeating unit 3-1

  Repeating unit 3-2 30:12.5:7.5:50 40,000

  Repeating unit 3-3

  Repeating unit 3-4

Since the amine-based polymer does not substantially absorb visiblelight, an absorption coefficient of the amine-based polymer in a visiblelight region may be less than 0.02.

The amine-based polymer may be provided to the organic light-emittingdevice by a solution process, for example, spin coating.

An aspect of an embodiment provides an organic light-emitting deviceincluding: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layerbetween the first electrode and the second electrode and including anemission layer, wherein the organic layer may include: a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; and anelectron transport region between the emission layer and the secondelectrode, 50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode may besilver (Ag), the hole transport region may include the amine-basedpolymer, and an absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer ina visible light region may satisfy Equation 1 below:

0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1

When the amine-based polymer satisfies Equation 1, the absorptioncoefficient is low, and thus, the efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device may be improved.

For example, the absorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymerin the visible light region may satisfy Equation 2 below, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

0≤k<0.015.  Equation 2

For example, the hole transport region may include at least one of ahole injection layer and a hole transport layer, and at least one of thehole injection layer and the hole transport layer may include theamine-based polymer.

In one embodiment, the hole transport region may include a holeinjection layer and a hole transport layer, and the hole injection layerand the hole transport layer may include the amine-based polymers. Atthis time, the amine-based polymer included in the hole injection layermay be different from the amine-based polymer included in the holetransport layer.

For example, the amine-based polymer may include a first repeating unitrepresented by Formula 1, and a number average molecular weight of theamine-based polymer may be about 1,000 or more, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

The amine-based polymer is the same as described above.

An organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment mayinclude: a substrate divided into a first sub-pixel region, a secondsub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixel region; a plurality of firstelectrodes respectively arranged in the first sub-pixel region, thesecond sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixel region of thesubstrate; a second electrode facing the plurality of first electrodes;and an organic layer between the plurality of first electrodes and thesecond electrode and including a first emission layer, a second emissionlayer, and a third emission layer respectively arranged in the firstsub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixelregion of the substrate, wherein the organic layer may include a holetransport region between the plurality of first electrodes and the firstto third emission layers and an electron transport region between thefirst to third emission layers and the second electrode, 50% or more ofa total volume of the second electrode may be silver (Ag), the holetransport region may include an amine-based polymer including a firstrepeating unit represented by Formula 1, and a number average molecularweight of the amine-based polymer may be about 1,000 or more:

In Formula 1,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

n11 to n13 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3,

R₁₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

The amine-based polymer is the same as described above.

A first sub-pixel is formed in the first sub-pixel region, a secondsub-pixel is formed in the second sub-pixel region, and a thirdsub-pixel is formed in the third sub-pixel region.

The hole transport region may be formed on the first electrode as acommon layer. The hole transport region may include: a first holetransport region formed in the first sub-pixel region; a second holetransport region formed in the second sub-pixel region; and a third holetransport region formed in the third sub-pixel region. The holetransport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transportlayer, which are sequentially stacked from the plurality of firstelectrodes.

A plurality of emission layers including a first emission layer, asecond emission layer, and a third emission layer may be formed on thehole transport region. The first emission layer may be formed in thefirst sub-pixel region to emit first color light, the second emissionlayer may be formed in the second sub-pixel region to emit second colorlight, and the third emission layer may be formed in the third sub-pixelregion to emit third color light.

The first color light may be red light, the second color light may begreen light, and the third color light may be blue light. The firstcolor light, the second color light, and the third color light may bemixed to emit white light.

An electron transport region may be formed on the plurality of emissionlayers. The electron transport region may be formed on the plurality ofemission layers as a common layer. The electron transport region mayinclude an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer,which are sequentially stacked on the plurality of emission layers.

A second electrode may be formed on the electron transport region as acommon layer.

The term “common layer,” as used herein, refers to a layer formed overthe first sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the thirdsub-pixel region, without performing patterning with respect to thefirst sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the thirdsub-pixel region.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a secondelectrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organiclight-emitting device 10 will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the firstelectrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be aglass substrate, a metal substrate, or a plastic substrate, each havingexcellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

For example, when the organic light-emitting device is a bottom emissiontype (or kind) of organic light-emitting device in which light isemitted in a direction toward a substrate, the substrate may betransparent. In this case, the substrate may include polyethersulphone(PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene napthalate(PEN), polyethyleneterepthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),polyallylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), or cellulose acetatepropionate (CAP).

In one embodiment, when the organic light-emitting device is a topemission type (or kind) of organic light-emitting device in which lightis emitted in a direction opposite to a substrate, the substrate neednot be essentially transparent, and may be opaque or semitransparent. Inthis case, metal may be used to form the substrate. When the substrateis formed of metal, the substrate may include at least one selected fromcarbon, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium, molybdenum,stainless steel (SUS), an Invar alloy, an inconel alloy, and a kovaralloy.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for a first electrode maybe selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate holeinjection.

In one embodiment, the organic light-emitting device may be a topemission type (or kind) of organic light-emitting device. The firstelectrode 110 may be a reflective electrode. In this case, the substratemay be disposed below the first electrode 110, and the substrate may beopaque or semitransparent.

The first electrode 110 may include a reflective conductive layerincluding silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt),palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), neodymium (Nd),iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb),and any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the first electrode 110may include a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 110may include a transparent conductive layer above and/or below thereflective conductive layer. The transparent conductive layer mayinclude, for example, tin oxide (SnO₂) indium tin oxide (ITO), indiumzinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In₂O₃), indium galliumoxide (IGO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), and any combination thereof.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 is disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a hole injectionlayer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injectionlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transportlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein for eachstructure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from the firstelectrode 110 in this stated order, but the structure of the holetransport region is not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may further include an electron blockinglayer.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When thehole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layerand a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer maybe in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, about 100 Åto about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be ina range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example about 100 Å to about1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the holeinjection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges,suitable or satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency bycompensating for an optical resonance distance according to thewavelength of light emitted by an emission layer, and the electronblocking layer may block the flow of electrons from an electrontransport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blockinglayer may include the materials as described above.

p-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In one embodiment, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecularorbital (LUMO) level of about −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from aquinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221 below:

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least oneselected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may have at least one substituent selectedfrom a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substitutedwith —F, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layermay have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a redemission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, inwhich the two or more layers contact each other or are separated fromeach other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may includetwo or more materials selected from a red light-emitting material, agreen light-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, inwhich the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a singlelayer to emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant mayinclude at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and afluorescent dopant.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be generally in arange of about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When thethickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellentlight-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound representedby Formula 301:

[Ar₃₀₁]_(xb11)-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb21).  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar_(3o1) may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupor a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),—B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5, and

Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, in Formula 301, Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

When xb11 in Formula 301 is two or more, two or more Ar301(s) may belinked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 maybe represented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A₃₀₁ to A₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a pyridine group,a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, adibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, adibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, adinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, abenzonaphthothiophene group, and a dinaphthothiophene group,

X₃₀₁ may be O, S, or N-[(L₃₀₄)_(xb4)-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁ to R₃₁₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above,

L₃₀₂ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with L₃₀₁,

xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described in connectionwith xb1, and

R₃₀₂ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₃₀₁.

For example, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, L₃₀₁ to L₃₀₄ may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R₃₀₁ to R₃₀₄ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —CI, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one embodiment, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex.For example, the host may be selected from a Be complex (for example,Compound H55), a Mg complex, and a Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

Phosphorescent Dopant Included in Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401 below:

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁ may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₁(s)may be identical to or different from each other,

L₄₀₂ may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be an integer from 0 to 4,wherein, when xc2 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₂(s) may be identicalto or different from each other,

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ may be linked via a single bond or a double bond, and X₄₀₂and X₄₀₄ may be linked via a single bond or a double bond,

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀ cyclic group or aC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅ may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′,*—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)═C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=*′, or *═C=*′,wherein Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ may be hydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, or a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆ may be a single bond, O, or S,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃),—N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q_(4o1)), —S(═O) (Q₄₀₁), and—P(═O)(Q_(4o2)), wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selectedfrom a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group,and a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

* and *′ in Formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M in Formula401.

In one embodiment, in Formula 402, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independentlybe selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group,a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophenegroup, a furan(furan) group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, athiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazolegroup, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, apyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acarbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran(benzofuran) group,a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group,an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, anoxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran(dibenzofuran) group,and a dibenzothiophene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁ may be nitrogen, andX₄₀₂ may be carbon, or ii) X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₂ may be both nitrogen.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, and a norbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), and

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and anaphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, twoA₄₀₁(s) selected from two or more of L₄₀₁(s) may optionally be linkedvia a linking group, X₄₀₇, and when xc2 in Formula 401 is two or more,two A₄₀₂(s) selected from two or more of L₄₀₂(s) may optionally belinked via a linking group, X₄₀₈ (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7).X₄₀₇ and X₄₀₈ may each independently be a single bond, *—O-′, *—S—*′,*—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₃)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*′, or *—C(Q₄₁₃)═C(Q₄₁₄)-′(wherein Q₄₁₃ and Q₄₁₄ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group), but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

L₄₀₂ in Formula 401 may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L₄₀₂ may be selected from halogen, diketone (forexample, acetylacetonate), carboxylic acid (for example, picolinate),—C(═O), isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (for example, phosphine, orphosphite), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selectedfrom, for example, Compounds PD1 to PD26, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer

The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or astyrylamine compound.

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501below.

In Formula 501,

Ar_(5o1) may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupor a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

xd4 may be an integer of 1 to 6.

In one embodiment, Ar_(5o1) in Formula 501 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ in Formula 501 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ in Formula 501 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds FD1to FD22:

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected fromthe following compounds, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto:

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from abuffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, anelectron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electrontransport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blockinglayer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, anelectron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injectionlayer structure, wherein for each structure, constituting layers aresequentially stacked from an emission layer. However, embodiments of thestructure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a holeblocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transportlayer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-freecompound containing at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containingring.

The “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” indicates a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety as a ring-formingmoiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may bei) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one*—N=*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at leastone *—N=*′ moiety are condensed with each other, or iii) aheteropolycyclic group in which at least one of 5-membered to 7-memberedheteromonocyclic groups, each having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, iscondensed with at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group.

Examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring include animidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, an oxazole, anisoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, a pyridazine, anindazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, aphthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline,a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, a phenazine, abenzimidazole, an isobenzothiazole, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, atriazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine, thiadiazol, animidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, and an azacarbazole, but are notlimited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 601:

[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21).  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or anaphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In one embodiment, at least one of Ar₆₀₁(s) in the number of xe11 andR₆₀₁ (s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depletednitrogen-containing ring.

In one embodiment, ring Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be selected from:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is two or more, two or more of Ar₆₀₁(s) may belinked via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be an anthracenegroup.

In one or more embodiments, a compound represented by Formula 601 may berepresented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₆ may be N or C(R₆₁₅), X₆₁₆ may be N orC(R₆₁₆), and at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may be N,

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described inconnection with xe1,

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₆₀₁,

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 toxe613 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, R₆₀₁ and R₆₁₁ toR₆₁₃ may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂), and

Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ are the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds ET1 to ET37, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include atleast one compound selected from2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq,3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), NTAZ, and diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)-phosphine oxide(TSPO1):

A thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or theelectron control layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å,for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of thebuffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layerare within these ranges, the electron blocking layer may have excellentelectron blocking characteristics or electron control characteristicswithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. Whenthe thickness of the electron transport layer is within the rangedescribed above, the electron transport layer may have suitable orsatisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layerin the electron transport region) may further include, in addition tothe materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected fromalkali metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metalcomplex may include a metal ion selected from a Li ion, a Na ion, a Kion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex mayinclude a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Srion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkalimetal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from ahydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, ahydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, ahydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenylthiadiazol, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, aphenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. TheLi complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) or ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190.The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orany combinations thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In oneembodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or moreembodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and therare earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (forexample, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkalimetal, the alkaline earth-metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides, suchas Li₂O, Cs₂O, or K₂O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF,KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI. In one embodiment, the alkali metalcompound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkalineearth-metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (0<x<1),Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (0<x<1). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth-metalcompound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃,Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one embodiment, the rare earth metalcompound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rareearth metal complex may include an ion of alkali metal, alkalineearth-metal, and rare earth metal as described above, and a ligandcoordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkalineearth-metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex may be selectedfrom hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline,hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazol,hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orany combinations thereof, as described above. In one or moreembodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organicmaterial. When the electron injection layer further includes an organicmaterial, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal,an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earthmetal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metalcomplex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including theorganic material.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When thethickness of the electron injection layer is within the range describedabove, the electron injection layer may have suitable or satisfactoryelectron injection characteristics without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150 havingsuch a structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode which is anelectron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for formingthe second electrode 190 may be selected from metal, an alloy, anelectrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which havea relatively low work function.

In one embodiment, the organic light-emitting device may be atop-emission type (or kind) of light-emitting device. The secondelectrode 190 may be a transmissive or semi-transmissive electrode.

The second electrode 190 may include, in addition to silver (Ag), atleast one selected from lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO. In one embodiment, the secondelectrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layeredstructure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2-4

An organic light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 includes a first cappinglayer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a secondelectrode 190 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, anorganic light-emitting device 30 of FIG. 3 includes a first electrode110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second cappinglayer 220 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, and anorganic light-emitting device 40 of FIG. 4 includes a first cappinglayer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a secondelectrode 190, and a second capping layer 220.

Regarding FIGS. 2-4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, andthe second electrode 190 may be understood by referring to thedescription presented in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices20 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through thefirst electrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or atransmissive electrode, and the first capping layer 210 toward theoutside, and in the organic layer 150 of each of the organiclight-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in an emission layermay pass through the second electrode 190, which is a semi-transmissiveelectrode or a transmissive electrode, and the second capping layer 220toward the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayincrease external luminescent efficiency according to the principle ofconstructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may eachindependently be an organic capping layer including an organic material,an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or acomposite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganicmaterial.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the secondcapping layer 220 may each independently include at least one materialselected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-basedcompounds, porphyrine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, anaphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkalineearth-based complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocycliccompound, and the amine-based compound may be optionally substitutedwith a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N,S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, at least one selectedfrom the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayeach independently include an amine-based compound.

In one embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include thecompound represented by Formula 201 or the compound represented byFormula 202.

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

L₂₀₅ may be selected form *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer of 1 to 10,

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In one embodiment, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ in Formula 202 may optionally be linkedvia a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylenegroup, and

R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may optionally be linked via a single bond, adimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1,or 2.

In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independentlybe selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃ inFormula 201 may each independently be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may belinked via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be linked via asingle bond.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ inFormula 202 may be selected form:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula201A:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A(1) below, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A-1 below, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ are the same asdescribed above,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₂₀₃,

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independentlyinclude a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and CompoundsCP1 to CP5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to anembodiment has been described in connection with FIGS. 1-4. However,embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer, andlayers constituting the electron transport region may be formed in acertain region by using one or more suitable methods selected fromvacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermalimaging.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer,and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed byvacuum deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition may be performedat a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., at avacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a depositionrate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec by taking into account amaterial to be included in a layer to be formed, and the structure of alayer to be formed.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, an emission layer,and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by spincoating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating speed of about2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature ofabout 80° C. to 200° C. by taking into account a material to be includedin a layer to be formed, and the structure of a layer to be formed.

General Definition of Substituents

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear orbranched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, atert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group),and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one doublebond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and examples thereofinclude a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenylgroup. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, refersto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as theC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Non-limitingexamples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantiallythe same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms,and a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group havinga carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples ofthe C₆-C₆₀ aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, ananthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene groupeach include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, inaddition to 1 to 1 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromaticsystem that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and Sas a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples ofthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group andthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the ringsmay be fused to each other.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbonatoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbonatoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecularstructure. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” asused herein, refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, other than carbonatoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entiremolecular structure. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers toa divalent group having substantially the same structure as themonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms in which aring-forming atom is a carbon atom only. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclicgroup. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring, such as benzene, amonovalent group, such as a phenyl group, or a divalent group, such as aphenylene group. In one or more embodiments, depending on the number ofsubstituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S is used in addition to carbon (the number ofcarbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60).

At least one substituent selected from the substituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ hetero arylthiogroup, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, aC₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero arylthio group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero aryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀ hetero arylthio group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyanogroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, and a cyano group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenylgroup.

The term “Ph” as used herein indicates a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein indicates a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinindicates an ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” as used hereineach indicate a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” indicates a methoxygroup.

The term “biphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group.” In other words, the “biphenyl group”is a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as asubstituent.

The term “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group.” In other words, the “terphenylgroup” is a phenyl group having, as a substituent, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl groupsubstituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

* and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to abinding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Examples Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Polymer 1

Polymer 1 including the following repeating units at the following ratiowas synthesized:

Polymer 1 includes a repeating unit 1-1 and a repeating unit 1-2 at aratio (molar ratio) of 70:30. In addition, it is assumed that Polymer 1is a polymer in which the repeating units 1-1 and 1-2 are alternatelypolymerized. As a result of measuring the size of Polymer 1 by usingsize exclusion chromatography, a number average molecular weight (Mn) ofPolymer 1 was 20,000.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Polymer 2

Polymer 2 including the following repeating units at the following ratiowas synthesized:

Polymer 2 includes a repeating unit 2-1 and a repeating unit 2-2 at aratio (molar ratio) of 80:20. In addition, it is assumed that Polymer 2is a polymer in which the repeating units 2-1 and 2-2 are alternatelypolymerized. As a result of measuring the size of Polymer 2 by usingsize exclusion chromatography, a number average molecular weight (Mn) ofPolymer 2 was 50,000.

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Polymer 3

Polymer 3 including the following repeating units at the following ratiowas synthesized:

Polymer 3 includes a repeating unit 3-1, a repeating unit 3-2, arepeating unit 3-3, and a repeating unit 3-4 at a ratio (molar ratio) of30:12.5:7.5:50. In addition, it is assumed that Polymer 3 is a polymerin which the repeating units 3-1 to 3-4 are alternately polymerized. Asa result of measuring the size of Polymer 3 by using size exclusionchromatography, a number average molecular weight (Mn) of Polymer 3 was40,000.

Evaluation Example 1: Measurement of Absorption Coefficient in VisibleLight Region

Polymer 1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was spin-coated on a glasssubstrate to form a thin film having a thickness of 30 nm. An absorptioncoefficient of the thin film was measured with respect to light of 450nm, 520 nm, and 640 nm by using Ellipsometer M-2000 manufactured by J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. An absorption coefficient of Polymer 2 was measuredin substantially the same manner. As Comparative Evaluation Example 1,an absorption coefficient of CLEVIOS P AI4083 (trademark name,hereinafter referred to as “PEDOT/PSS”) available from H.C. Stark Inc.was measured in substantially the same manner. Results thereof are shownin Table 2.

TABLE 2 Material for thin film 450 nm 520 nm 640 nm ComparativeEvaluation PEDOT/PSS 0.021 0.020 0.021 Example 1 Evaluation Example 1Polymer 1 0.016 0.015 0.015 Evaluation Example 2 Polymer 2 0.001 0.0000.000

Example B1

Ag was sputtered on a glass substrate to form a first layer having athickness of 100 nm, and ITO was sputtered to form a second layer havinga thickness of 7 nm, thereby forming an anode. The anode was sonicatedwith isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 5 minutes and cleaned by exposure toultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes. Polymer 1 was spin-coated onthe anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 124 nm.Polymer 3 was spin-coated on the hole injection layer to form a holetransport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. Compound H1 and BD1 weredeposited on the hole transport layer at a volume ratio of 95:5 to forman emission layer having a thickness of 35 nm. ET37 was deposited on theemission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of20 nm. LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form anelectron injection layer having a thickness of 3.5 nm, and Ag and Mgwere co-deposited on the electron injection layer at a volume ratio of80:20 to form a cathode having a thickness of 13 nm. HT28 was depositedon the cathode to form a capping layer having a thickness of 60 nm,thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example B2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example B1, except that Polymer 2 was used instead ofPolymer 1.

Comparative Example B1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example B1, except that PEDOT/PSS was used instead ofPolymer 1 and Polymer 3.

Example G1

Ag was sputtered on a glass substrate to form a first layer having athickness of 100 nm, and ITO was sputtered to form a second layer havinga thickness of 7 nm, thereby forming an anode. The anode was sonicatedwith isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 5 minutes and cleaned by exposure toultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes. Polymer 1 was spin-coated onthe anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 165 nm.Polymer 3 was spin-coated on the hole injection layer to form a holetransport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. CBP and PD13 were depositedon the hole transport layer at a volume ratio of 92:8 to form anemission layer having a thickness of 50 nm. ET37 was deposited on theemission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of20 nm. LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form anelectron injection layer having a thickness of 3.5 nm, and Ag and Mgwere co-deposited on the electron injection layer at a volume ratio of80:20 to form a cathode having a thickness of 13 nm. HT28 was depositedon the cathode to form a capping layer having a thickness of 60 nm,thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example G2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example G1, except that Polymer 2 was used instead ofPolymer 1.

Comparative Example G1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example G1, except that PEDOT/PSS was used instead ofPolymer 1 and Polymer 3.

Example R1

Ag was sputtered on a glass substrate to form a first layer having athickness of 100 nm, and ITO was sputtered to form a second layer havinga thickness of 7 nm, thereby forming an anode. The anode was sonicatedwith isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 5 minutes and cleaned by exposure toultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes. Polymer 1 was spin-coated onthe anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 200 nm.Polymer 3 was spin-coated on the hole injection layer to form a holetransport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. CBP and PD26 were depositedon the hole transport layer at a volume ratio of 97:3 to form anemission layer having a thickness of 60 nm. ET37 was deposited on theemission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of20 nm. LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form anelectron injection layer having a thickness of 3.5 nm, and Ag and Mgwere co-deposited on the electron injection layer at a volume ratio of80:20 to form a cathode having a thickness of 13 nm. HT28 was depositedon the cathode to form a capping layer having a thickness of 60 nm,thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example R2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example R1, except that Polymer 2 was used instead ofPolymer 1.

Comparative Example R1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example R1, except that PEDOT/PSS was used instead ofPolymer 1 and Polymer 3.

Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of Organic Light-Emitting Device

The driving voltage and efficiency of the organic light-emitting devicesmanufactured according to Examples B1, B2, G1, G2, R1, and R2 andComparative Examples B1, G1, and R1 were measured at a current densityof 10 mA/cm² by using Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, andresults thereof are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Hole Driving Current Hole injection transport Absorption voltagedensity Efficiency layer layer coefficient (V) (mA/cm²) (cd/A) ExampleB1 Polymer 1 Polymer 3 0.016 4.6 10 5.0 Example B2 Polymer 2 Polymer 30.001 4.6 10 5.2 Comparative PEDOT/PSS PEDOT/PSS 0.021 4.6 10 4.7Example B1 Example G1 Polymer 1 Polymer 3 0.015 4.7 10 80 Example G2Polymer 2 Polymer 3 0.000 4.7 10 82 Comparative PEDOT/PSS PEDOT/PSS0.020 4.7 10 74 Example G1 Example R1 Polymer 1 Polymer 3 0.015 4.7 1018 Example R2 Polymer 2 Polymer 3 0.000 4.7 10 20 Comparative PEDOT/PSSPEDOT/PSS 0.021 4.7 10 16 Example R1

Referring to Table 3, it is confirmed that the efficiencies of theorganic light-emitting devices of Examples B1, B2, G1, G2, R1, and R2are excellent, as compared with those of the organic light-emittingdevices of Comparative Examples B1, G1, and R1

The organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thefigures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between thefirst electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layercomprises: an emission layer; a hole transport region between the firstelectrode and the emission layer; and an electron transport regionbetween the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein 50% or moreof a total volume of the second electrode is silver (Ag), the holetransport region comprises an amine-based polymer comprising a firstrepeating unit represented by Formula 1, and a number average molecularweight of the amine-based polymer is about 1,000 or more:

wherein, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,n11 to n13 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, R₁₁ isselected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 2. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein an absorptioncoefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer in a visible light regionsatisfies Equation 1:0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein the first electrode is a reflective electrode.
 4. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁₁ and L₁₂ are eachindependently selected from: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group,a fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.
 5. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein n11 and n12 are eachindependently selected from 0, 1, and 2, and the sum of n11 and n12 isselected from 1, 2, 3, and
 4. 6. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 1, wherein R₁₁ is selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a crosslinking group, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, anitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, anaphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ areeach independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim1, wherein the first repeating unit represented by Formula 1 isrepresented by Formula 1-1:

wherein, in Formula 1-1, R₁₁ is selected from: a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a crosslinking group, deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenylgroup substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), b12 is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, n11 and n12 areeach independently selected from 0, 1, and 2, the sum of n11 and n12 isselected from 1, 2, 3, and 4, Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selectedfrom a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and * and*′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 8. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first repeating unitrepresented by Formula 1 is represented by one of Formulae 101 to 104:

wherein, in Formulae 101 to 104, n-octyl indicates an n-octyl group,iso-butyl indicates an isobutyl group, n-butyl indicates an n-butylgroup, and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the amine-basedpolymer further comprises a second repeating unit represented by Formula2:

wherein, in Formula 2, Ar₂₁ is selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group and a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, L₂₁ is selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,n21 is selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, R₂₁ is selected from a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and * and *′each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 10. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 9, wherein Ar₂₁ is selected from: abenzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a benzofluorenegroup, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a thiophene group,a furan group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, acarbazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group,and a dibenzocarbazole group; and a benzene group, a naphthalene group,a fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenanthrene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyridine group,a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, a carbazole group, a benzofurangroup, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophenegroup, a benzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylgroup substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substitutedwith —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₃₁to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim9, wherein L₂₁ is selected from: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group,a fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group,a fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylenegroup, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a triazinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.
 12. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein n21 is 0 or
 1. 13. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein R₂₁ is selected from:a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a crosslinking group,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aphenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.
 14. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein the second repeatingunit represented by Formula 2 is represented by Formula 2-1:

wherein, in Formula 2-1, R₂₂ and R₂₃ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with aC₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), b22 is selected from 1, 2,and 3, and R₂₄ and R₂₅ are each independently selected from acrosslinking group represented by one selected from Formulae 7-1 to 7-3,hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂):

wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-3, R₇₁ is selected from hydrogen and aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, b71 is selected from 1, 2, and 3, Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ areeach independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group, and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 9,wherein the second repeating unit represented by Formula 2 isrepresented by Formulae 201 to 203:

wherein, in Formulae 201 to 203, n-octyl indicates an n-octyl group,n-hexyl indicates an n-hexyl group, and * and *′ each indicate a bindingsite to a neighboring atom.
 16. An organic light-emitting devicecomprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layerbetween the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein theorganic layer comprises: an emission layer; a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,wherein 50% or more of a total volume of the second electrode is silver(Ag), the hole transport region comprises an amine-based polymer, and anabsorption coefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer in a visible lightregion satisfies Equation 1:0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1
 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16,wherein the hole transport region comprises at least one of a holeinjection layer and a hole transport layer, and at least one of the holeinjection layer and the hole transport layer comprises the amine-basedpolymer.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein theamine-based polymer comprises a first repeating unit represented byFormula 1, and a number average molecular weight of the amine-basedpolymer is about 1,000 or more:

wherein, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,n11 to n13 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, R₁₁ isselected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 19. Anorganic light-emitting device comprising: a substrate divided into afirst sub-pixel region, a second sub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixelregion; a plurality of first electrodes respectively arranged in thefirst sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the thirdsub-pixel region of the substrate; a second electrode facing theplurality of first electrodes; and an organic layer between theplurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, wherein theorganic layer comprises: a first emission layer, a second emissionlayer, and a third emission layer respectively arranged in the firstsub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixelregion of the substrate; a hole transport region between the pluralityof first electrodes and the first to third emission layers; and anelectron transport region between the first to third emission layers andthe second electrode, wherein 50% or more of a total volume of thesecond electrode is silver (Ag), the hole transport region comprises anamine-based polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented byFormula 1, and a number average molecular weight of the amine-basedpolymer is about 1,000 or more:

wherein, in Formula 1, L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,n11 to n13 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, R₁₁ isselected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 20. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 19, wherein an absorptioncoefficient (k) of the amine-based polymer in a visible light regionsatisfies Equation 1:0≤k<0.02.  Equation 1